Morning Brief | Michael Saylor releases Bitcoin Tracker information; Aave publishes post-incident investigation of the Kelp rsETH bridge attack; Gravity Bridge announces service suspension following an attack

Digital asset company Laser Digital received preliminary conditional approval from the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency to establish a federally regulated trust bank; Aave released its post-attack investigation into the Kelp rsETH bridge attack; Vietnam plans to allow SMEs to use digital and virtual assets as collateral for bank loans; Cosmos ecosystem cross-chain bridge Gravity Bridge announced a service suspension after being attacked; the Chairman of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission stated that the trading volume of 12 licensed virtual asset trading platforms in the first quarter of 2026 increased nearly threefold year-on-year; Michael Saylor released Bitcoin Tracker information again, and may disclose increased holdings next week. Federal Reserve Governor Waller stated at the 32nd Dubrovnik Economic Conference that the global adoption of stablecoins could amplify the influence of Federal Reserve policy. He pointed out that for countries adopting stablecoins, this is like a fixed exchange rate system, effectively expanding the scope of influence of U.S. monetary policy. Michael Saylor, founder of Bitcoin treasury company Strategy, released Bitcoin Tracker information again. Based on previous patterns, Strategy always discloses information about increased Bitcoin holdings the day after the relevant news is released. In a recent speech, Wong Tin-yau, Chairman of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, revealed that the trading volume of Hong Kong's 12 licensed virtual asset trading platforms exceeded HK$640 billion by 2025, with a nearly threefold year-on-year increase in the first quarter of this year. Furthermore, brokers engaged in virtual asset-related businesses saw their commission income increase by over 80% year-on-year last year. The Cosmos ecosystem's cross-chain bridge, Gravity Bridge, was suspected of being attacked due to a leaked signature key, resulting in the theft of approximately US$5.4 million. Official confirmation of the security incident has led to an immediate suspension of bridging services for investigation, and validators have been instructed to suspend the operation of validator nodes and coordinators. It is understood that its contract key may have been compromised. JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon warned of the US crypto market structure bill, the CLARITY Act, stating that allowing stablecoin issuers to offer returns to users similar to bank deposit interest rates could ultimately lead to collapse. Dimon stated that the act allows crypto companies to offer deposit-like returns to users through stablecoin accounts in the absence of adequate regulatory protection, an arrangement that the banking industry will not accept. He stated, "I'm not worried about stablecoins themselves, but if this happens, I won't get involved, and it will eventually collapse." The CLARITY Act aims to clarify the regulatory framework for the U.S. crypto industry and define the responsibilities of regulatory agencies. Previously, Patrick Witt, executive director of the U.S. Digital Asset Advisory Council, stated that the Trump administration planned to push for the bill's passage by July 4th.However, Polymarket data shows that the probability of the CLARITY Act being passed in 2026 has fallen from nearly 70% to slightly above 50%. The Vietnamese Ministry of Finance, in its draft revision of the Law on Support for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), proposes allowing SMEs to use digital assets, virtual assets, intellectual property, intangible assets, and future assets as collateral for bank loans to improve access to financing for private enterprises and technology startups. The draft also encourages credit institutions to base lending more on credit ratings, business plans, market expansion potential, and corporate cash flow, reducing reliance on traditional collateral such as real estate. The Vietnamese Ministry of Finance stated that this policy aims to unleash private economic resources and is consistent with Resolution 68-NQ/TW. Regarding the attack on the Kelp rsETH LayerZero V2 bridge on April 18, Aave released a post-incident investigation on the X platform, emphasizing that the exposure primarily stemmed from third-party bridge infrastructure, not the protocol itself. The attackers used an RPC poisoning attack to forge a cross-chain message targeting the LayerZero single validator. This resulted in the release of 116,500 rsETH on the Ethereum side without any actual burning on Unichain. The attacker then deposited the stolen rsETH into Aave V3 (Ethereum Core and Arbitrum) and lent out approximately 82,650 WETH and 821 wstETH. Aave Protocol Guardian and Risk Steward immediately implemented protective measures for the rsETH and WETH reserves. Currently, the WETH and rsETH markets are functioning normally in the affected V3 deployments. The attacker's rsETH on Arbitrum has been burned, the LayerZero OFT adapter has been fully topped up in five batches, rsETH support has been fully restored, and Kelp has reopened rsETH withdrawals, bridging, and claims functionality. The WETH LTV in the affected markets has been reset to its pre-attack value, and Aave V3 is fully operational in all markets except rsETH. The Arbitrum DAO has voted to authorize the transfer of frozen ETH to Aave LLC, which is currently awaiting on-chain execution. The court is still reviewing the substantive content of the restraining order, and Aave LLC will continue to comply with it during the court's review. The Licang District Procuratorate of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, recently handled a Bitcoin theft case. The defendant, Zhang, obtained mnemonic phrases while assisting acquaintances in registering cryptocurrency wallets, and subsequently transferred 107 BTC in multiple transactions, equivalent to over 50 million RMB at current market prices. Zhang argued that his actions constituted "protective takeover," but the prosecution found that he transferred the stolen BTC through multiple trading platforms and converted it into over 660,000 RMB. The Licang District Court sentenced Zhang to 10 years and 9 months imprisonment for theft and fined him 100,000 RMB in the first instance; the second instance upheld the original verdict.The report states that the prosecutors handling the case, strictly adhering to laws and judicial policies, conducted in-depth analysis and concluded that while my country's regulatory policies deny the legal tender status of virtual currencies, they do not deny their property attributes, nor do they prohibit citizens from legally holding and transferring them. Bitcoin requires investment of computing power and capital to acquire, possessing economic value; the rights holder can achieve exclusive control and management through private keys and mnemonic phrases, meeting the core characteristics of "property" in criminal law, thus qualifying it as an object of theft. Regarding the determination of the amount, because virtual currencies lack official pricing, the Licang District Procuratorate abandoned market price estimations and used the actual proceeds of over 660,000 yuan from the sale of the stolen goods as the amount of theft, achieving accurate conviction, appropriate sentencing, and a unified approach to crime and punishment. The crypto sentiment platform Santiment published an analysis stating that the ratio of positive to negative comments on Ethereum has shifted from strong FOMO sentiment in late April to a clear FUD sentiment today. Harvard University liquidated its entire $87 million Ethereum ETF investment after one quarter; Ethereum Foundation researchers announced their resignations; and David Hoffman publicly stated his withdrawal from the Ethereum project. The Santiment team interprets this trend as a mildly bullish signal, similar to the sharp rise that followed the market sentiment trough in mid-2023. Despite the panic, the number of non-empty Ethereum wallets remains high at 192.92 million, more than three times that of Bitcoin's approximately 59 million. While DeFi and staking activity surged at the beginning of the year and subsequently normalized, new wallet creation continues at a healthy pace. Fundamental data such as holders and activity levels do not support the claim that the Ethereum network is dying. Furthermore, the Bitcoin long/short ratio is as high as 2.23, the highest level since 2026. Previously, the two days with the highest long/short ratios were accompanied by short-term price pullbacks, while extremely low long/short ratios indicate local bottoms. The current optimism contrasts sharply with the short-selling flows in ETFs, thus requiring caution. The U.S. SEC has filed a lawsuit in Houston federal court, accusing Nathan Fuller, a resident of Cyprus, Texas, of operating a cryptocurrency fraud scheme involving up to $12.3 million, which used fake AI trading bots to defraud investors. Nathan Fuller told investors that his proprietary AI-based bots could automatically scan cryptocurrency trading platforms, capture tiny price gaps through high-frequency arbitrage, and promise returns of 40% to 50% within 30 to 45 days. Some investors were even told they could get guaranteed returns of over 100% within 21 days.The SEC alleges that Nathan Fuller, founder and sole member of Privvy Investments LLC, raised funds from approximately 150 investors across nine states and two foreign countries between October 2022 and mid-2024. He also operated under the pseudonym "Gateway Digital Investments." It is alleged that only about 3% of the funds were actually used for cryptocurrency trading, while Fuller himself allegedly embezzled at least $6.2 million and paid out approximately $5.5 million to early investors in a Ponzi scheme-like manner. Separately, according to official sources, Laser Digital has received preliminary conditional approval from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) to establish Laser Digital National Trust Bank, an entity that will serve institutional clients as a federally regulated trust. With formal authorization, its operations will include foreign exchange and stablecoin intermediation, cross-margin collateral management of digital and traditional assets, and multi-asset trust custody of tokenized and traditional assets. A 53-year-old Chinese real estate company owner, Yang Weixin, was kidnapped in Phnom Penh by a criminal gang. On the morning of May 30th, the suspects used the victim's mobile phone to demand a ransom of $2 million in cryptocurrency from his wife. When the ransom was not received, they murdered the victim and dumped his body in a car. Surveillance footage shows three suspects forcibly taking him from the parking lot of his residence on the evening of May 29th. Local police have confirmed the case as kidnapping, extortion, and homicide, and the investigation is ongoing. According to data from the Meme token tracking and analysis platform GMGN, as of 09:00 on June 1st, the top five most popular ETH tokens in the past 24 hours were: HEX, SHIB, LINK, PEPE, and UNI; the top five most popular Solana tokens were: TROLL, WORLDCUP, neet, Buttcoin, and PBTC; and the top five most popular Base tokens were: toby, ELSA, cbETH, CYPR, and ALB. On March 6, 2023, shortly after ChatGPT was released, before GPT-4 was even launched, Sarah and I conducted an interview about ChatGPT—the third installment of Traders' Talk's "Plain Language Series." At that time, ChatGPT was still relatively new, and very few people were actually using it. This three-hour interview subsequently remained at the top of the ChatGPT category on Xiaoyuzhou (a Chinese online forum). I threw out about twenty judgments and predictions in the interview, relying entirely on intuition and limited information, with very little data. The complete transcript of that interview is still available on the official WeChat account. Now it's the end of May 2026; three years have passed, and AI has grown into something unimaginable back then. [ChainCatcher]

RichSilo Exclusive Analysis:

Crypto Market Analysis: Mixed Signals Amid Regulatory Progress and Security Concerns

The crypto market presents a complex picture this week, with Bitcoin potentially benefiting from MicroStrategy’s accumulation, Ethereum facing sentiment headwinds, and cross-chain security vulnerabilities coming to the forefront. Institutional adoption shows promising signs through regulatory approvals in the US and Hong Kong, while regulatory uncertainty persists with the CLARITY Act’s declining probability of passage.

Bitcoin: Institutional Support and Optimism

Bitcoin appears positioned for potential strength, driven by multiple positive developments. Michael Saylor’s release of Bitcoin Tracker information, following historical patterns where MicroStrategy discloses increased holdings the next day, could signal significant accumulation. This aligns with Laser Digital’s OCC approval for a federally regulated trust bank, which will offer institutional custody and cross-asset management of digital assets. The Hong Kong SFC’s report of a nearly threefold increase in trading volume across licensed platforms further validates growing institutional acceptance.

However, the Bitcoin long/short ratio reaching 2.23—the highest since 2026—suggests extreme optimism that historically precedes short-term pullbacks. While this indicates strong conviction, it also warns of potential volatility as过度leveraged positions may face liquidations.

Ethereum: Sentiment Shift Despite Strong Fundamentals

Ethereum faces sentiment challenges as Harvard liquidated its $87 million Ethereum ETF investment, and Ethereum Foundation researchers announced resignations. This has shifted sentiment from late April’s strong FOMO to current FUD, as noted by Santiment. The ratio of positive to negative comments has deteriorated, contributing to negative price pressure.

However, fundamental metrics remain robust. The number of non-empty Ethereum wallets (192.92 million) remains more than triple Bitcoin’s (approximately 59 million), indicating strong adoption. While DeFi and staking activity normalized after an initial surge, new wallet creation continues at a healthy pace. The Santiment team views this sentiment shift as potentially bullish, similar to the pattern that preceded the mid-2023 market upturn, suggesting current pessimism may present strategic buying opportunities.

Cross-chain Security: Systemic Vulnerabilities Exposed

Two significant bridge attacks highlight critical infrastructure vulnerabilities. The Gravity Bridge attack resulted in approximately $5.4 million stolen due to a leaked signature key, forcing immediate service suspension. Similarly, Aave’s investigation of the Kelp rsETH bridge attack revealed an RPC poisoning attack that forged cross-chain messages, leading to the release of 116,500 rsETH without corresponding burns.

These incidents underscore the systemic risks in cross-chain infrastructure, which remains a critical challenge for blockchain interoperability. While Aave demonstrated protocol resilience with quick response measures—including freezing assets, resetting LTVs, and collaborating with the Arbitrum DAO—the Gravity Bridge incident suggests ongoing security concerns that could impact investor confidence in bridged assets and multi-chain protocols.

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Regulatory Landscape: Divergent Global Approaches

The regulatory environment remains bifurcated. On one hand, Vietnam’s proposal to allow SMEs to use digital assets as collateral represents progressive regulation that could significantly increase real-world utility for cryptocurrencies. On the other hand, the US regulatory landscape faces uncertainty as the probability of the CLARITY Act’s passage has declined to just above 50%.

Fed Governor Waller’s comments on stablecoins amplifying US monetary influence present a geopolitical perspective, suggesting widespread stablecoin adoption could extend Federal Reserve policy globally. Meanwhile, Jamie Dimon’s warning that allowing stablecoin issuers to offer returns similar to bank deposits could lead to collapse reflects traditional finance’s continued skepticism toward crypto-native financial products.

Market Sentiment and Opportunities

Despite Ethereum’s sentiment shift, the market shows resilience. The divergence between Bitcoin’s extreme optimism (reflected in the high long/short ratio) and short-selling flows in ETFs creates a complex trading environment. Meme token popularity remains strong across multiple chains, with HEX, SHIB, and PEPE maintaining high interest on Ethereum, while new tokens gain traction on Solana and Base.

For investors, the current environment presents several strategic considerations:

  1. Bitcoin exposure: Maintain or increase positions, particularly given MicroStrategy’s potential accumulation and institutional adoption through Laser Digital’s trust bank.

  2. Evaluating Ethereum: The negative sentiment shift may present buying opportunities, but monitor fundamental metrics closely. The Harvard liquidation appears to have been largely priced in.

  3. Cross-chain caution: Reduce exposure to assets bridged across chains, particularly in the Cosmos ecosystem following the Gravity Bridge attack. Security improvements should be implemented before renewed confidence.

  4. Regulation watch: Monitor the CLARITY Act’s progress and developments in progressive jurisdictions like Vietnam and Hong Kong, which may present new opportunities.

  5. DeFi resilience: Despite the rsETH incident, Aave’s effective response demonstrates DeFi’s robustness. Consider established protocols with strong security track records.

Long-term Outlook

The crypto market continues its maturation process, with increasing institutional adoption and regulatory clarity in key jurisdictions. While security vulnerabilities in cross-chain infrastructure remain a challenge, the progressive regulatory environment in regions like Vietnam and Hong Kong, coupled with institutional adoption through entities like Laser Digital’s trust bank, suggests increasing legitimacy for digital assets.

The market’s ability to address systemic security concerns while navigating regulatory uncertainty will determine the pace of institutional adoption and long-term growth. For experienced investors, the current environment offers both opportunities in undervalued assets and risks from extreme market sentiment and regulatory uncertainty.

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